Jumaat, 14 Februari 2014

QUESTION 4: MANUAL LAW 309 (PAGE 41)



The issues that can be raised from this question are:-
1)    Whether charge on Encik Pupus adequate and complete or not.
2)    Whether disciplinary board should accept the evidence and relevant material or not.
3)    Whether disciplinary board should allow Encik Pupus to cross examine Nur Qumar or not.
4)    Whether rule panel of disciplinary board are personal bias to Encik Pupus or not.

The principle that can be used to solve this problem is the rules of natural justice. This rule is a procedural safeguard against improper exercise of power by a public body. It can be used to determine whether the administrator has actually complied with legal procedure before taking action or making any decision against someone. Rule of natural justice concern with ‘’process’’ that is used by administrator in making decision against an individual and it can be classified into two which are audi alteram partem and nemo judex in causa sua. In order to determine whether the administrator has made a valid decision, these two elements must be observed; if not decision can be challenged in court of law. Audi alteram partem means right of hearing or heard divide to two categories which are hearing and notice.  Hearing classified to rebuttal, acceptance and disclosure while notice classified to charge and time. Plus, nemo judex in causa sua means rules against bias that divide to three categories which are pecuniary bias, personal bias and policy bias.



In answering first issue, it can be gathered from the facts of the problem that the accused must know his/her charge/allegation because he/she will able to know the cases that against him. If no charge is given , the accused is unable to make a defense at all and it will lead to an invalid decision made by the administration . For example of the cases in PP v Ottario Quattrocchi. The charge must be complete and adequate. If there is more than one charge the accused must be informed of all the charge made against him/ her. If not , whether decision made may be invalid because the accused is tried without proper defense i.e he/she is not aware of other charge made against him/her and is unable to prepare for defense
By referring based the guideline of charge/allegation , Encik Pupus must  attend a hearing in three days’ an allegation that he was exercising harassment against Nur Qurma. But , Encik Pupus did not give enough information that charge against him. It make Encik Pupus not have enough defense for himself from the charge.
To support the argument is the cases of Maradana Mosque Trustee v Mahmud and R v Paddington & St Marylebone Rent Tribunal
 Thus, the charge against him is invalid because the accused did not give enough information that charge against him and it make Encik Pupus not prepare for defense him from the charge and it also make the charge is slander to Encik Pupus.
In answering second issue, it can be gathered from the facts of the problem that Encik Pupus was given 3 day to prepare for the hearing. He does unreasonable time for the case conducted by the MAITU Disciplinary Board because he was accused harassment against Nur Qurma. On top of that, the punishment given to him was serious which is suspended from work for month.

Supposedly, MAITU disciplinary board should give him more time to prepare himself as the punishment given to him is serious. The time given to an accused depends on the seriousness of the case. It is against RNJ to call upon the alleged person to show cause immediately without giving him time to consider the charge against him.
The cases to support the above argument are Re Liverpool Taxi Owners' Association (1972) 2 ALL ER 589 and Che Hong Yee v Timbalan Menteri Keselamatan Dalam Negeri, Malaysia & Ors (2008) 7 MLJ 642.
In answering third issue, it can be gathered from the facts of the problem that whether there is a breach of elements three of reasonable hearing or not, reference will also be made to the elements of reasonable hearing. In this respect, the third element says the adjudicator should give the party concerned an opportunity to rebut the material against him. What this means is that the administrator must allow the accused to be represented by a lawyer if that can help him/her to defend his/her case properly. To apply the law into the facts of the question, Encik Pupus's wish to be represented by his colleagues Ustazah Misha and and Encik Tersipu, should have been permitted because that could help him to defend him appropriately. Ustazah Misha and Encik Tersipu, as Encik Pupus's colleagues, could have represented Encik Pupus well because he would have legal knowledge on the matters regarding Encik Pupus's case such as his behaviors, record and witness because they are at the place at that time.
The cases to support the above arguments are Nik Mohd Salleh Nik Mat v Timb. Ketua Polis Pahang & Anor [2006] and Britania Brands (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v Ketua Pengarah Buruh Malaysia [2009].


In answering the fourth issue, it can be gathered from the fact of the problem either the judicial process has personal bias or not. The personal bias can be a positive or negative one between the adjudicator and the appellant. If the decision is made in a biased way, the action taken will be avoid and considered unenforceable. So for the case that faced Encik Pupus, he got know that Nur Qurma filed the complaint to another officer to get back to him because he did not entertain her as much as he did to other female staff. In case, the officer that got complaint from Nur Qurma was the panel in the Maitu Disciplinary Board. So, for Encik Pupus cases we can see that the panel has personal relationship with Nur Qurma.
To support the above argument are cases of Metropolitan Properties Co v Lennon and Mohamad Ezam Mohd Nor & Ors v Inspector General of Police.
Thus, the action taken to Encik Pupus will be void and considered unenforceable because of personal bias that have in that action.
The conclusion is the decision made by the local authority is invalid because charge on Encik Pupus not adequate and clear, disciplinary board must accept evidences include statements made by witnesses like Misha and Encik Tersipu, disciplinary board should allow Encik Pupus to cross examine Nur Qumar to determine whether she speak truth or lie about information of cases and panel board has personal bias on Enci Pupus because he has personal relationship with appellant so the decision became invalid . Thus, Encik Pupus advised to bring the case to the court.
SALEHUDDIN AL- AYUBI (MAM 110 4A)
1. MUHD. HAIRUDDIN BIN BAKRIN
2. MOHD. SHAFIQ BIN SHAFEE
3. MOHD. MUZAMMIR BIN SALIM
4. MUHD. AMIN BIN AMIR
5. ZULAMIRUL AIMAN BIN ZULKIFLI

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