SIGNIFICANCE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.

INTRODUCTION

When one speaks of a Government's development programme, one means its forward-looking plans for improving the social and economic well-being of the country and its people, particularly its plans for the next few years. Development programmes differ from country to country. Commonly, they are multispectral and require a wide array of institutions -public, non-governmental and private for their implementation; they address investment and infrastructural needs as well as more general issues of capacity-building and human resource development; they are articulated to provide for national, regional and local needs; they attempt to provide consistency and integration between various developmental initiatives; and they indicate the quantum and sources of funds to be used for the programme and the manner in which such funds are to be allocated to competing uses.

Clearly, the ideal is a host-country Government with adequate capacity in all aspects of managing development: macroeconomic planning, fiscal management programme design, project execution, budgeting, financial control, review and evaluation, accountability reporting, and, in the substantive areas, specific technical know-how. However, in practice, countries vary greatly in their steering and implementation capacities. This has spawned an extensive literature describing implementation problems, often ascribing failures to various host-country shortcomings.

The extent of national capacity influences several aspects of managing development: the relative roles of donor and recipient; strategies designed to improve host-country capacity; and the possibilities for successful development.

SIGNIFICANCE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION.

The significance relationship between development and public administration can be studied from points of view, namely;

i) Its significance as an instrument of governance;

ii) Its significance as an instrument of development and change;

iii) Its significance in modern domestic welfare state; 

 I) its significance as an Instrument of Governance

          The most important function of the Government is to govern i.e. to maintain peace and public order and to ensure the safety and security of the life and property of the citizens. It has to ensure that the contracts are honoured by the citizens and their disputes settled. This most significant role of the Government is to be fulfilled through the instrument of public administration. In the beginning of the civilization this was probably the only function performed by the public administration. As the civilization has advanced, many very important functions have been taken over by the Government, but, the importance of this basic function should not be minimized.  Worthwhile progress or development is possible unless the citizens can live in peace. The continuing performance of this function is like the presence of oxygen in the air we breathe. It is hardly noticed so long as it exists. However, in its absence civilized life is impossible. 

          It is also a mistake to think that this regulatory function of the public administration has been static. It has been growing with the growing complexity of modern civilization. For example, new methods of investigation have had to be devised to take care of the better equipped criminals. New sets of controls had to be devised to enable the citizens to share the scarcity of food and other essential articles (Moten, Abdul Rashid, 2008).

          It can be concluded that the government had develop the system to deliver service from good to better in giving servicing to its people. The present government had improved in various ways to ensure the people get the good and satisfy services from the public service. Example, in public universities like Technology Mara University (UiTM), these statuary bodies had made an important system such as entrance and exit survey. These systems help students as customer towards government to evaluate the performance of their lectures in giving services to them. 

           In present, a good governance lead to many successful development in our country. The governments’ functionality is outstanding and can be reliable in managing the country in each aspect. We also had made many important public reform strategies to avoid seven deadly sins that been presented by Tun Abdul Razak such as introduction of a code of ethic to public servant. The government also develop institutions building like Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU). MAMPU act as central agencies that centralized all aspect of moderation of public servant cultures’ in effectiveness and efficiency way to overcome internal and external problem that occur in workplace. It stated that MAMPU regulate framework to guide all the public agencies to give an outstanding services towards our local citizens. Development Administration Unit (DAU) is one essential part of these agencies. DAU acts as operational agencies that help MAMPU to fulfil their objectives and aim to modern the administrative system in our country (Hussain, Ahmad Atory, 1995).

ii) Its significance as an Instrument of Development and Change

       The public administration has to play a very significant role as an instrument of development and change. The administration of the country reflects the genius of its people and embodies their qualities, desires and aspirations. Whenever the people decide to proceed on the road to development, their main instrument is the public administration. They need trained manpower to run this school, colleges and the technical institutions. They need technical manpower to build roads, bridges, buildings and to run the machines in the industry. They need scientific manpower to undertake research and development. It is the well-developed public administration which makes all this possible. It is true that part of the effort comes in the private sector, but it alone cannot complete the task. A lot of basic infrastructure has to be developed for which the private initiative is usually not forthcoming. For example, nationwide rail transport, telecommunication network, fundamental research are all to be organised by the Government. 

         In several development areas initial thrust has to be provided by the Government. All this is not possible without a well- developed public administration. This fact was also highlighted by the American administrators and private aid giving agencies who took up the task of assisting the developing countries. It was their experience that the recipient countries could not make much use of their assistance because they did not have the well-equipped administrative machinery to absorb it. The equipment provided by them could not be used for want of skilled manpower. Financial assistance could not be channelized into productive schemes. The first task of developing countries is, therefore, to develop adequate administrative machinery which can take up the diverse tasks required for all round development. 

          The above discussion may create an impression that the public administration plays a significant part only in economic development. Nothing could be farther from truth. In a developing country, the public administration is also an instrument of social change and development. A number of social welfare measures have to be taken up. New laws have to be enacted and enforced. The obvious examples are anti- untouchables, anti-dowry laws and laws for the protection of weaker sections like labour, children, women etc. While the impetus for social change may come from the political process, somebody has to draft the laws and enforce them. This is the task of public administration. 

          In present, good public administration the good result of development and change. It can see in term of development in urban area that totally change from 1960 to 2014 and it develop rapidly. The development and change of urban area came from Tun Abdul Razak that introduced Federation Land Development Authority (FELDA) in Malaysia toward the modernization of the country. The development and change of country bring more job opportunities to the public. It can see through the establishment of Economic Planning Unit (EPU). EPU is focus on development planning of economy. EPU is helps to reduce the gap of the race in term of wealth creation that give opportunities job to all races, give opportunities make a business and shareholder. EPU objectives give comprehensive planning through formulation effective policy for to development and change he public administration (Malaysia. Unit Perancang Ekonomi, 2007).

(iii) Significance as an Instrument of Welfare State

In a modern democratic welfare State, the Government has to provide many services for the welfare of its citizens. It includes the provision of schooling, medical facilities and social security measures. With the breakdown of joint families, the problem of looking after the old and infants, orphans and widows comes up. With the slowing of economic activity, the problem of unemployed youth crops up. The development process brings up many new problems like those of urban slums and juvenile delinquents. The welfare State has to identify these problems and devise solutions for them. The formulation of these schemes and their implementation is another significant function of public administration.

A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The welfare state involves a transfer of funds from the state, to the services provided (e.g. healthcare, education) as well as directly to individuals.

            Instrument of Welfare State is important because it will be construct the government become efficient and effective in make the country higher level of welfare and citizens easy to get the resources for generate income. Public administration responsible to serve the agencies that will be control the welfare of the state. All the aid will be produce and contribute to the citizens in development country. Country can reduce the problem of poor people and citizens will be gets more welfare such as construct the house, welfare in education and welfare in job.

            In present the good administration in the government especially in sector welfare of state. Ministry of Rural and Regional Development introduce Urban Transformation Centre (UTC). UTC is one of the Government effort and initiatives providing the urban community with key government and private sector services under one roof. Functions of the UTC provide information and explanations related to the policies, philosophy and the country’s vision. This centre will be manages issues and public feedback as input for the Department, the Ministry as well as the Government’s planning Assist the Ministry of Information. The urban communities can make transactions with government departments and private sector in a building with save time without having to go into the buildings from the government. UTC also provides development and youth activities centre, retail space, both local and central activities of NGO.UTC also centre of welfare services, all about the welfare such as education or healthcare can get in this centre. The citizens can get more assistance that their needed. UTC will be control the welfare of the state and make sure the assistance will be transfer to the right people because to avoid the bias. Development administration is important in this cases to ensure public administration do their task rightly and efficient. So the development country will be achieves and Malaysia will become the higher level of welfare in the state of world.

REFERENCES

Hussain, Ahmad Atory. (1995). Administrative Reform in Malaysia: Strategies for

Promoting Efficiency and Productivity in the Public Service, 1981-1991 (3055).

Retrieved from Universiti Putra Malaysia Press website: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/3055

Moten, Abdul Rashid. (2008). Government and politics in Malaysia. Singapore: Cengage Learning.

Malaysia. Unit Perancang Ekonomi. (2007). Economic Planning Unit: 50 years of charting

       Malaysia's development. Putrajaya, Kuala Lumpur: Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Dept.

    Official Website of Economic Planning Unit - HOME. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2014, from http://www.epu.gov.my

UTC - Urban Transformation Centre | Pusat Transformasi Bandar. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2014, from http://www.utc.my

Weidner, E. W. (1964). Technical assistance in public administration overseas: The case for development administration. Chicago: Public Administration Service.