Jumaat, 18 Julai 2014

LOG REPORT 2: CHAPTER 4 & 5 QUALITY MANAGEMENT



1.0  LEARNING REACTION

1.1 TOPIC 4: SERVICE QUALITY IN PUBLIC SECTOR

        As usually Cik Yatt starts her lecture by recite Al- Fatihah and praise on Almighty Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Now, Cik Yatt will explain about service, service quality and gaps model in service quality. I really focus on this chapter because it tough chapter and this chapter also became my question for assignment. I loved definition of service by Shahron Dobson refer to a form of product that consist of activities, benefits, or satisfactions offered for sale that are essentially intangible and do not result in the ownership of anything. I also loved definition of service quality by Lewis state that service quality also deals with ‘Moment of Truth’ any indirect interaction between service providers and customers, which may take in various forms. I summarize that service about any form of activity that not produces any physical product but can be felt by expression of satisfactory and intangible meanwhile service quality refer to a situation where provider and customer interact directly together which may happen in various form. 

           I learn to summarize characteristic of service are typical intangible means service is a form of product that cannot be foreseen by our eyes but we can felt it example consultation with a doctor, highly inseparable means provide that delivery service and customer consume service at the same time because service require both sides to exist in order to deliver those services. Plus, heterogeneity means service can be delivering in several of form such as how the public officer treats younger customer and older customer are differ because the young customer easy to understand the information given instead of oldest people. We also unable to store service because services only happen if needy of customer to get the service example policeman not make report on anything if there are no public people complaints about it. Services also durability because people easily become obsolete because technology advancement example public servant that using manual ways to keep information about customer of organization although we had system in computer to key in database can keep people apart away from getting their service again. Services also perishability that possible in two ways definite means services will not perform if the customer not requests it within time given example late for lecture appointment and service also vanish after the service has been consumed example lecturer never teach same chapter for a long period of time because they had schedule of learning that must be followed.

              Dimension of quality? I am asking myself about it. After Cik Yatt explain that topic I understand that to avoid her student to confuse about those two characteristic between service and service quality, she use that terms to differ between those two subtopic. Dimension of quality consist of reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness. I summarize that reliability means service quality ability to provide what was promised example if the client charter state that the public servant must smile when deal with customer than provider must  keep that promises. Assurance refer a good employee required a knowledge, skill and ability to perform task in organization. It can lead to tremendous trust by customer to get service again. Tangibility can be express in service quality through satisfactory feeling by customer by exist good facilities like comfortable chair and air conditioner while get the services from provider.  Empathy in service quality means provider should be in customer shoes. The provider must be in customer situation in order to know what customer want in services. Responsiveness also an essential part of service quality refers willingness of provider and how fast they response to what customer want.

           Now, Cik Yatt explains on gaps model refer as conceptual model of service quality that identifies gaps in service quality and suggest measures to close them. Gaps divided to two that manufacturing, measures the difference between the desired and the existing conformance level and services that measures differences between the expected and the actual level of service provided. I learnt about 5 gaps model are knowledge, standard, delivery, interpret and customer gaps. Knowledge gaps means provider do not know what customer wanted in service, standard means provider not set standard in client charter in deliver service to customer, delivery gaps means provider fail to deliver services according what they had promised to customer lead to interpretation gap. It also refer fail to deliver according promises by provider can be interpret as liar by customer. Gap 5 refer to overall performances that not according to costumer’s expectation if customer leaves organization with happy thus it okay but if customer not leaving organization happily means something do not happen as the customer expect and it became dissatisfactory and bad feedback to organization. There are 7 differences between quality in service and manufacturing are identification and measurement of customer needs, customization, tangibility, production and consumption, involvement of customer, labour and supply also number of transaction. It can be summarize that they are huge difference in quality in both perspectives.

1.2 TOPIC 3: CUSTOMER FOCUS IN PUBLIC SECTOR 
            
              As usually Cik Yatt starts her lecture by recite Al- Fatihah and praise on Almighty Allah SWT and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). I really shock when I count number of pages of chapter 5 and when Cik Yatt told me that chapter 5 was the toughest and longest chapter in quality management I cannot felt my feet on the ground. ‘’Customer focus, I want fall in love with you’’ said me in monologue. I summarize that customer as people that determine the survival of organization without them organization will falling down. Reliable customers as customer that buy repeatedly from the organization and feel the satisfactory via their product, these customers are important customer. A civil servant is a supplier and customer at the same time example Ali is police officer in Police Department. He provides information for his subordinate on the operation needed to be conducted. The operations need order from his superior. He is supplier to his subordinates and a customer to his superior. I learnt to summarize the meaning of customer from examples my father felt sick and he ask me to get those medicine from General Hospital Kluang, so I go to that hospital and get the medicine for him. I conclude that my dad was customer, me as consumer that get medicine for my dad, General Hospital Kluang as supplier within the situation given me and my dad in a small organization that called family. So my dad is internal customer to me and i was external customer to General Hospital Kluang. 

                Plus, public servant acknowledges what internal customer wants by good formal and informal communication with them and there are six steps to discover the external customer’s need. I summarize it as guess what external customer want, find ways to gather information, take action to gather it, make deep analysis to those information, check validity of conclusion whether those conclusion can affect positively or negatively on organization and take action as indicated immediately. I also thought about how to get customer’s feedback mechanism? Cik Yatt told us we can get that information by several methods whether quantitative or qualitative methods alike comment cards/ formal survey, focus means we only selected a group of customer to answer our question about crucial issues. Besides that, field intelligence can be conduct where someone that apart from organization engages in a conversation with the customer to gather information. Plus, we can study from customer complaint to gain information and monitoring internet forum, so customer will give feedback in that forum. I realize something why customer satisfaction and loyalty so important towards public sector? Cik Yatt stresses out that it necessary because legitimacy power comes from public support. Thus, the public servant should give a good service to citizen and it also can help them build trust to sustain power in next general election especially Malaysia.

     I also learnt about what different between satisfaction and loyalty. Satisfaction in generic term is an attitude, satisfaction also relate to people feeling whether positive and negative satisfaction. Loyalty in generic term is a behaviour, satisfaction refer as reaction towards one’s feeling, if the customer satisfy with product they will buy and keep using same product of organization. They also can tend to be a loyal and regular customer to an organization. It really important to create a satisfy customer in the first place before they become loyal to an organization. In order to make a happy customer, the element of quality improvement must exist in the organization. Plus, one of ways to improve quality of the services especially public sector understands the customers’ needs and wants. If we know what customer wants in services, we can deliver better services towards them and make the customer satisfy with our services. It can enhance potential customer will keep coming to our organization. If we can make 20% of our customer happy and they are influence people in society like politician, we may gain more customers in the future because happy customer will spread news about their satisfaction to others. The happy customer can become free agents to advertise our product any save millions of cost of marketing and advertisement.  It is power of important people in society as state in Pareto Principle. It can lead to many profitability and survival of organization. 

               Besides that, Cik Yatt told us about how to create satisfy customer by using three main aspects of customer driven are expected quality, actual quality and perceived quality. I summarize that expected quality relates need to identify roles as provider and assume what customer wants, actual quality refer what had been delivery to the customer and perceived quality refer asses or analysis by customer on what they had get from the services. If the expected quality higher than actual quality received by customer, they may not satisfy with service. If the actual quality higher than expected quality received by customer, they may feel satisfy with the services. Cik Yatt also teach me to strategizing loyal customer using Theory of Service Relativity; Value = Results – Expectations. In loyalty behaviour, we had two ways to measure loyalty behaviour are by defection rate and business volume by customer rate. Lastly, before Cik Yatt end her lecture in DK2. She explains about 7 characteristics of a customer focussed public organization are vision and climate, alignment with customers, willingness to find and eliminate customer’s problem, use of customer information, reaching out to customers, competence, capability and empowerment of people and continue improvement of services also process. I conclude from both topic, I just learned I can used it as essential information to be a good provider and customer towards society also any part of organization. 

2.0  APPLICATION OF THE QUALITY CONCEPTS IN MY PERSONAL LIFE 

           I will explaining about gaps model that occur with public sector. In July 2007, I had accident in my housing area. The incident happen occur because careless of Chinese people drive and hit me at roundabout in my housing area. I remember that car’s number and how the incident happens. I bleed a lot, the car getting away without hesitates to stop and help me. When I reach my home, my dad gives me basic treatment to reduce my pain and takes to me General Hospital XXX where the 5 gaps model in service quality happen. After I reached emergency unit, many staff on vacation so only small number staff at there.  The nurses put me on stretched bed, keep argue each other where they want to put me in normal unit or ICU. I really annoyed at that time, they like don’t know the process to register me and keep asking others nurse. I and my father really think that the nurses not even had knowledge about how to handle this situation (Gaps 1). They also not standardize their process what to do first when this accident happen whether my father should fill any compulsory form or bring important document to register me (Gaps 2). We think what going on earth? They are nurses or not?

        Now, I had been register as patient of that particular hospital. The doctor and nurses are treating my wound as worst treat ever. They can talk to each other like gossip girls and not paying attention when stich my wound. Are they never thought about any consequences of their action, there a high chance they may stich at wrong place. They forgot to put anaesthetist, I felt the pain so much and I ask them properly to put it (Gap 3). They only say sorry? I don’t know what going happen on me. They had stated 5S in client charter what action they must show to patient when deliver the service. The 5S are hang around everywhere in that hospital. When I got treatment, I don’t see their smile while giving services, they only give treatment with harsh and not empathy what patient just felt in pain. I and my father interpret that only charter as liar because promises that had been make not even working on that organization (Gap 4). Lastly, I really want to go that private hospital at that time but my family not afford it. When times come and I can charge out from that hospital, I and my beloved father leave the hospital with my dissatisfaction toward the organization. We also detect many weaknesses instead of strength in that particular hospital, my dad had almost zero satisfaction and he going to give negative feedback on overall service by that particular public hospital (Gap 5). We felt unsatisfied with overall services.

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